100 Ways to Report Results (ambiguously)

The Dark Side of Statistics

“Published research can often be misleading. Statistics are open to interpretation and may manipulate our understanding of research, revealing the dark side of statistics. By grasping meanings of P-values and alpha levels, you can identify nonscientific claims.

May the force be with you!

avoid #Datagaslighting

100 curated phrases which can manipulate meaning, understanding, and perception of research

What’s your number?

  • 1. Data could imply a trend that isn’t definitive.
  • 2. Data could reflect nuances that are easily overlooked.
  • 3. Data does not provide a definitive answer.
  • 4 . Data hints at possible correlations.
  • 5. Data may be subject to various interpretations.
  • 6. Data may not align with expected results.
  • 7. Data may point in different directions.
  • 8. Data might not present a complete picture.
  • 9. Data might point to patterns that are not yet established.
  • 10. Data might suggest some trends worth exploring.
  • 11. Data shows patterns that may not hold true.
  • 12. Data suggests a possibility rather than a certainty.
  • 13. Data suggests patterns that warrant further exploration.
  • 14. Data suggests possible but not definite outcomes.
  • 15. Data suggests the need for cautious interpretation.
  • 16. Data suggests variability that complicates interpretations.
  • 17. Evidence could imply but not confirm findings.
  • 18. Evidence could imply connections that aren’t clear.
  • 19. Evidence could indicate trends but lacks certainty.
  • 20. Evidence could support multiple perspectives.
  • 21. Evidence shows trends that merit further investigation.
  • 22. Evidence suggests a need for cautious interpretation.
  • 23. Findings are tentative and should be approached with caution.
  • 24. Findings could be interpreted in various ways.
  • 25. Findings could be misleading without proper context.
  • 26. Findings could be subject to misinterpretation.
  • 27. Findings could imply connections without strong evidence.
  • 28. Findings could indicate a need for further investigation.
  • 29. Findings leave open the possibility of alternative explanations.
  • 30. Findings may not be as robust as initially thought.
  • 31. Findings may not fully capture the situation.
  • 32. Findings might not align with initial hypotheses.
  • 33. Findings might not lead to clear conclusions.
  • 34. Findings might require further exploration to clarify.
  • 35. Insights are open to different interpretations.
  • 36. Insights could be more complex than they appear.
  • 37. Insights could lead to different interpretations.
  • 38. Insights could lead to more questions than answers.
  • 39. Insights leave significant questions lingering.
  • 40. Insights may be clouded by limitations in data.
  • 41. Insights may not be as straightforward as they seem.
  • 42. Insights may not provide a solid foundation.
  • 43. Insights may require a more nuanced understanding.
  • 44. Insights may vary depending on perspective.
  • 45. Results are fraught with ambiguity.
  • 46. Results could be better understood with additional context.
  • 47. Results could be clouded by external variables.
  • 48. Results could be influenced by unexamined factors.
  • 49. Results could be subject to future revision.
  • 50. Results could change with additional data.
  • 51. Results could lead to various interpretations.
  • 52. Results could mask underlying complexities.
  • 53. Results hint at potential patterns but lack clarity.
  • 54. Results hint at uncertainty regarding effectiveness.
  • 55. Results leave room for interpretation.
  • 56. Results may be inconclusive at best.
  • 57. Results may be tentative and require validation.
  • 58. Results may change with further examination.
  • 59. Results may suggest but not confirm clear relationships.
  • 60. Results might reflect a more complex reality.
  • 61. Results raise as many questions as they answer.
  • 62. Results suggest the potential for other variables.
  • 63. Results suggest variability that warrants attention.
  • 64. The analysis highlights the need for ongoing scrutiny.
  • 65. The analysis indicates uncertainty about key factors.
  • 66. The analysis lacks definitive support for claims.
  • 67. The analysis leaves some questions unanswered.
  • 68. The analysis may benefit from further refinement.
  • 69. The analysis might benefit from more clarity.
  • 70. The analysis presents a mixed picture.
  • 71. The analysis raises more questions than it answers.
  • 72. The analysis raises questions rather than providing answers.
  • 73. The analysis reveals complexities that need unpacking.
  • 74. The analysis shows a blend of certainty and uncertainty.
  • 75. The conclusions are based on incomplete evidence.
  • 76. The conclusions are not entirely clear-cut.
  • 77. The conclusions are provisional and not absolute.
  • 78. The conclusions are somewhat tentative.
  • 79. The conclusions drawn are not entirely conclusive.
  • 80. The conclusions drawn are not entirely straightforward.
  • 81. The conclusions might need further substantiation.
  • 82. The data appears to be somewhat elusive.
  • 83. The data does not provide a straightforward conclusion.
  • 84. The data shows trends that are hard to define.
  • 85. The evidence might support multiple narratives.
  • 86. The evidence points to unclear outcomes.
  • 87. The evidence shows a complex scenario.
  • 88. The findings are not uniformly clear.
  • 89. The findings lack decisive support.
  • 90. The outcomes do not provide a clear resolution.
  • 91. The outcomes may reflect broader uncertainties.
  • 92. The outcomes may reflect nuances not immediately apparent.
  • 93. The outcomes suggest a lack of clarity.
  • 94. The outcomes suggest some level of doubt.
  • 95. The results are open to varying interpretations.
  • 96. The results might shift with new information.
  • 97. The results suggest possible inconsistencies.
  • 98. There appears to be some ambiguity in the results.
  • 99. There’s a possibility of underlying factors not accounted for.
  • 100. There’s potential for alternate explanations.

#100 sums up this list!

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