Research Fundamentals #1
The Jerzy Neyman – Egon Pearson Model is the most widely used approach in research testing two competing hypotheses
- Null Hypothesis (H₀): Assumes no effect or no difference; the research claim is not supported.
- Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Suggests that an effect exists; the research claim is valid.
Decision-Making in Hypothesis Testing
The decision to reject or fail to reject the Null Hypothesis (H₀) depends on alpha (α) and beta (β) cutoff levels that are predetermined before analysis.
For now, let’s focus on understanding hypothesis testing before diving into cutoff values. Keep reading, and it will all make sense!
Common Reporting Mistake & Correction
Novice Mistake to Avoid:
— “The Alternative (Researcher’s) Hypothesis (H₁) was accepted.”
Corrected Reporting Style:
+ “The Null Hypothesis (H₀) was rejected.”
Why?
• More Neutral & Professional: Saying “we rejected H₀” rather than “we accepted H₁” avoids a biased or overly confident tone.
• Humility in Research: Framing the conclusion in terms of rejecting H₀ keeps the focus on data-driven findings rather than the researcher’s expectations.
Modern Reporting Style: Active vs. Passive Voice
Over the last decade, there has been a shift toward using active voice in research writing:
Old* Passive Style:
– “The Null Hypothesis (H₀) was rejected.”
New* Active Style:
+ “We rejected the Null Hypothesis (H₀).”
Why Use Active Voice?
• Clarity: Readers can immediately identify who made the decision.
• Engagement: It makes writing more direct and impactful.
Key Takeaways
* Understanding Hypothesis Testing: We test two hypotheses—H₀ (no effect) and H₁ (effect exists).
* Professional Reporting: Instead of saying “we accepted H₁,” use “we rejected H₀.”
* Active Voice Improves Clarity: “We rejected H₀” is clearer and more modern than passive phrasing.
Next Lesson: Understanding Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Levels
In the next section, we will explore how researchers determine cutoff values and control errors in hypothesis testing.
Questions/ Additional Considerations